Herbal Treatment of Alzheimer Disease

Authors

  • Dr. Pramod Kumar Govt. Degree College, Jaithra, Etah,
  • Dr. J.V. Mani SHUATS, Prayagraj
  • Deepak Sharma Tappal , UP

Abstract

Alzheimer describes a syndrome of Alzheimer disease  it is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta in the ventral midbrain.These processes are then responsible for the clinical features of Alzheimer  including bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and difficulty in initiating movements . The prevalence of  Alzheimer disease in industrialized countries is estimated at 0·5% of the general population and about 1.5% of the population older than age 60 years. People of all ethnic origins can be affected, and men are slightly more prone to the disorder. It described as paralysis agitans or shaking palsy, the term "A;lzheimer disease"Causes.The exact cause of disease is still a mystery, but many pathogenetic factors such as oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondria dysfunction, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and genetic susceptibility  are critically involved in Alzheimer. Certain endogenous or exogenous toxins such as 6-hydroxydopamine and 1- methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, rotenone, Paraquat, Maneb, manganese, toluene, N- Hexane, carbonmonoxide, Mercury, Cyanide, Copper, Lead and Trichloroethylene, certain medications, viral infection, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),  Alzheimer

Author Biographies

Dr. Pramod Kumar, Govt. Degree College, Jaithra, Etah,

Dept. of Chemistry

Dr. J.V. Mani, SHUATS, Prayagraj

Dept. of Chemistry

Deepak Sharma, Tappal , UP

Dept. of Pharmacy

References

Oliveri RL, Zappia M, Annesi G, Bosco D, QuattroneA. The parkin gene is not involved in late-onset Parkinson’s disease. Neurology, 57(2), 2001, 359– 62.

Rajput AH. Frequency and cause of Parkinson’s disease.Can J Neurol Sci,19 (1 suppl), 1992, 103–07.

De Rijk MC, Launer LJ, Berger K, et al. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology,54 (11 suppl 5), 2000, S21–23.

Baldereschi M, Di Carlo A, Rocca WA, et al. Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: two-fold higher incidence in men. Neurology, 55, 2000, 1358–63.

Lai BC, Schulzer M, Marion S, Teschke K, Tsui JK. The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in British Columbia, Canada, estimated by using drug tracer methodology. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 9, 2003, 233–38

Lees AJ (September 2007) "Unresolved issues relating to the shaking palsy on the celebration of James Parkinson's 250th birthday". Movement disorder, 22 Suppl 17, S327–S334.

Mosley R.L., Benner, E.J., Kadiu, I., Thomas, M., Boska, M.D., Hasan, K., Laurie, C., Gendelman, H.E., 2006. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Clin. Neurosci. Res., 6, 261–281.

Sherer T.B., Betarbet, R., Greenamyre, J.T., 2002. Environment, mitochondria, and Parkinson’s disease. The Neuroscientist, 8, 192-197.

Fearnley JM, Lees A. Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain,114, 1991, 2283–301

Lopez-Real, A., Rey, P., Soto-Otero, R., Mendez- Alvarez, E., Labandeira-Garcia, J.L., 2005. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces oxidative stress and protects dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinsonism. Journal Neuroscience Research 81, 865–873. Davies P, Maloney AJ: Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1976; 2: 1457-1459.

Sharma, D. ., & Kumar, D. P. (2021). Role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Drug in Present Medicinal System. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Education Analysis and Development- IJMREAD, 01–07. Retrieved from https://ijmread.com/index.php/ijmread/article/view/23

1. Wright CI, Geula C, Mesulam MM: Neurological cholinesterase in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease: Relation to plaques, tangles, and patterns of selective vulnerability. Ann Neurol. 1993; 34: 3 73-384.

2. Wright CI, Geula C, Mesulam MM: Neurological cholinesterase in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease: Relation to plaques, tangles, and patterns of selective vulnerability. Ann Neurol. 1993; 34: 3 73-384.

Livingston G. Katona C: How useful are cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? A number needed to treat analysis. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2000; 15: 203-207.

Giacobini E: Cholinesterase inhibitor therapy stabilizes symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2000; 14: S3-S I 1.

Nordberg A, Svensson AL: Cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment ofAlzheimer's disease: A comparison of tolerability and pharmacology. Drug Safey. 1998; 19: 465-480.

Weinstock M: Selectivity of cholinesterase inhibition: Clinical implication for the treatment of Alzheimer's Dise'ase. CNS Drugs. 1999; 12: 307-303.

7. Bullock R: Drug treatment in dementia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2001; 14: 349-353.

8. Bullock R: New drugs for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Br JPsychiatry. 2002; 180: 135-139.

Keltner NL, Beth Williams SN: Memantine: A new approach to Alzheimer's disease. Perspect Psychiatric Care. 2004; 40: 123-124.

Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M: Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. IDrugs. 2002; 4: 1167-1172.

Bullock R: New drugs for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Br JPsychiatry. 2002; 180: 135-139.

Shadlen MF, Larson EB: What's new in Alzheimer's disease treatment? Reasons for optimism about future pharmacologic options. Postgrad Med. 1999; 105: 109-118.

Mayeux R, Sano M: Treatment ofAlzheimer's disease. NEngl J Med. 1999; 34: 1670-1679.

Bush Al: Therapeutic targets in the biology ofAlzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2001; 14: 341-348.

Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Wessel T: Galantamine in AD: A six month randomized placebo-controlled trial with a six month extension. Neurology. 2000; 54: 2261-2268.

Kanowski S, Hoerr R: Proof of the efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract egb76 1 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type of multi-infarct dementia. Phytomedicine. 1997; 4: 215-222.

Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, et al.: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group. JAMA. 1997; 278: 1327-1332. 28. De Feudis FV: Ginkgo biloba Extract EG

********

Downloads

Published

2023-01-25

How to Cite

Kumar, D. P. ., Mani, D. J., & Sharma, D. (2023). Herbal Treatment of Alzheimer Disease. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Education Analysis and Development- IJMREAD, 07–12. Retrieved from https://ijmread.com/index.php/ijmread/article/view/80

Issue

Section

Articles